Staking has become an essential part of the blockchain and crypto world, with the emergence of liquid staking providing an even more enticing opportunity to earn rewards. By enabling users to trade their staked tokens on the secondary market, liquid staking creates a win-win situation where stakers can have their cake and eat it too. That said, this does not come without increased risks, as recent events, specifically the notorious incident at Curve Finance with the re-entrance vulnerability, have clearly shown.
This article explores further than that and focuses on the most widespread risks associated with liquid staking so that users can make informed decisions.
The Risk Factor in Liquid Staking
While the allure of liquid staking is undeniable, the risks it entails may be pretty considerable. We identified the most important ones, ranging from those associated with the impact of liquid staking on the market to legal ones.
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Interest rate risk: changes in market demand and supply can lead to fluctuations in the return rates.
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Performance risk: the success of liquid staking is tied to the efficiency of the underlying DeFi protocols.
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Risk of increased volatility: trading derivative tokens could amplify price volatility.
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Custodial risk: some liquid staking solutions might involve third-party custodians, leading to security concerns.
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Complex fee structures: liquid staking might involve convoluted fee structures, creating potential financial pitfalls.
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Risk of fragmentation: multiple liquid staking tokens for the same asset could create market fragmentation, affecting liquidity and price stability.
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Devaluation risk: synthetic tokens might not always accurately reflect the underlying asset’s value.
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Operational risk: the complexity of liquid staking can lead to operational errors.
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Dependency on liquid markets: The conversion between staked and liquid tokens relies on highly liquid markets.
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Risk of over-leverage: using liquid tokens in DeFi protocols could lead to over-leveraging.
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Impersonation risks: impersonating tokens could lead to scams or confusion.
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Risk of dilution: issuance of synthetic tokens could dilute the value of the native staked token.
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Smart contract vulnerabilities: complex smart contracts involved in liquid staking could be exploited, as seen in the Curve case and beyond.
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Increased complexity: the mechanics of liquid staking can be challenging to understand.
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Over-collateralization: liquid staking often requires more capital to cover potential price volatility.
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Counterparty risks: reliance on the synthetic staked token’s issuer can introduce another risk layer.
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Liquidity risk: it might be challenging to quickly convert liquid staking tokens back into the original assets without impacting the price.
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Regulatory risk: the resemblance to traditional financial instruments might attract stricter regulatory scrutiny.
Traditional Staking: a Safer Harbor?
On the other hand, traditional staking presents fewer complexities and vulnerabilities. For instance, there’s no risk of increased volatility, fragmentation, over-leverage, and dilution seen in liquid staking. In traditional staking, tokens are not traded in the secondary market, thereby eliminating the associated risks.
Furthermore, operational and complexity risks are substantially lower. Regular staking does not involve issuing synthetic tokens or managing multiple positions, thus reducing the overall complexity. It is independent of the existence of sufficiently liquid markets for conversion, thus eliminating another risk factor.
As for smart contract vulnerabilities, although they still exist in traditional staking, the risks are considerably lower due to the simplicity of the contracts compared to those in liquid staking.
While regulatory risks could still exist in theory, traditional staking, due to its more uncomplicated nature and fewer resemblances to conventional financial instruments, is less likely to face heavy regulatory scrutiny than its liquid counterpart.
Those differences can make traditional staking an appealing option to those with more reasonable risk appetites.
The Ethereum Staking Case
An excellent example of the robustness and reliability of traditional staking is Everstake’s Ethereum staking solution. It provides a trustworthy and safe platform for major ETH holders who do not wish to deal with the technical, financial, and administrative complexities of running a node.
Everstake’s Ethereum staking solution particularly benefits this group as it eliminates the need to run and service a node while still fulfilling the requirement of staking at least 32 ETH. That said, a solution allowing one to stake as little as 0.1 ETH is already in the works and will soon be unveiled. It will make the advantages of ETH staking accessible to a much broader range of Ethereum holders.
Summary
Liquid staking’s promise of increased liquidity and potential for greater returns makes it an extremely lucrative option for many crypto holders. Still, it’s essential to recognize that this comes at the cost of increased risk and complexity. From market volatility to smart contract vulnerabilities, the risks are significantly higher than those seen in traditional staking.
Therefore, while liquid staking might offer greater potential profits, the safer and less complicated route for many could still lie in traditional staking. As is typical in the world of finance, whether traditional or digital, it’s essential to balance potential rewards against the associated risks.
